Entry Level Resume / CV
A well-crafted resume is a strategic representation of your academic background, skills, achievements, and professional experience. It serves as a gateway to potential employers, providing a first impression of your qualifications and character. Whether you’re seeking a job, internship, graduate program, or leadership position on campus, your goal should be to create a strong resume that effectively captures the reader’s attention and motivates them to move forward in the process (typically an interview).
Don’t underestimate the importance of a well-written resume! Hiring managers and recruiters typically spend only 7-15 seconds reviewing your resume for the first time, making it essential to make a lasting impression.
Whether you’re updating your resume or creating one for the first time, consider consulting our Resume Writing Guide for valuable tips and best practices. If you’re curious about the differences between a resume and a Curriculum Vitae (CV), take a look at our primer on the basics of a Curriculum Vitae.
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Resumes creation has become an artform. Here are some websites to get an idea of where to start:
Undergraduate Resumes
- Computer Science Resume
- Nursing Resume
- Finance Resume
- Fine Arts Resume
- Education
- Athletic Trainer Resume
- Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Resume
- Occupational Therapist Resume
Graduate Resumes
As you begin your job search, you may be asked to submit a resume or a CV (curriculum vitae). While many people are familiar with the basics of a resume, a CV is a more extensive and detailed document that showcases your academic and professional achievements.
Crafting a CV can be a bit daunting, but by organizing your information effectively, you can show hiring managers that you’re the ideal candidate for the role. A CV is like a storybook that tells the story of your professional journey, highlighting your skills, achievements, and qualifications.
Here are some tips to get you started:
- Contact Information – Include the necessary contact details to ensure potential employers can easily reach you. This section should include:
- Full name
- Address
- Phone number
- Online portfolio (if requested or relevant)
- Social media profiles (if requested or relevant)
- Professional headshot (if required)
- Information for an International CV If applying internationally, include additional personal details as per the norms of the country. This might include:
- Date of birth
- Place of birth
- Citizenship
- Visa status
- Personal Profile Craft a brief summary (3-5 sentences) highlighting your key achievements, experience, and skills that align with the role. Aim to grab the hiring manager’s attention with a succinct and impactful overview.
- “Compassionate and dedicated nursing graduate student with a strong foundation in patient care and clinical practice. Equipped with hands-on experience from diverse clinical rotations and a solid academic background in nursing principles and healthcare management. Proven ability to provide exceptional care, advocate for patients, and collaborate effectively with interdisciplinary teams. Passionate about advancing nursing practice through evidence-based research and committed to contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes and healthcare quality.”
- “Compassionate and dedicated nursing graduate student with a strong foundation in patient care and clinical practice. Equipped with hands-on experience from diverse clinical rotations and a solid academic background in nursing principles and healthcare management. Proven ability to provide exceptional care, advocate for patients, and collaborate effectively with interdisciplinary teams. Passionate about advancing nursing practice through evidence-based research and committed to contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes and healthcare quality.”
- Professional Experience Detail your work history in reverse-chronological order. For each position, include:
- Job title
- Start and end dates
- Organization name
- Brief description of responsibilities and achievements (optional based on relevance and space)
- Education List your educational background, prioritizing higher education. Include:
- Institutions attended
- Dates of attendance
- Degrees earned
- Majors and minors
- Relevant educational programs and certifications
- Publications and Presentations Enumerate your academic and professional contributions. This section may include:
- Books
- Articles
- Research papers
- Conference presentations
- If substantial, separate into distinct subheadings (e.g., “Publications,” “Presentations”).
- Certifications and Skills Showcase both technical and soft skills pertinent to the job. Mention any certifications to bolster your qualifications. Ensure to:
- List relevant skills from the job description
- Highlight unique or standout skills
- Honors and Awards Document any accolades that underscore your professional excellence. Include:
- Award name
- Date received
- Community Service Demonstrate your engagement in volunteer activities, indicating soft skills and personal values. Include:
- Organization name
- Role
- Responsibilities and achievements
- Community Service Demonstrate your engagement in volunteer activities, indicating soft skills and personal values. Include:
- Organization name
- Role
- Responsibilities and achievements
- Interests and Hobbies For international positions, include a section on your personal interests and hobbies to present a well-rounded view of your personality. Ensure these are relevant or add value to your candidacy.
Examples
Strong action verbs are powerful, dynamic words that effectively describe your accomplishments and responsibilities. They convey action, initiative, and results, making your resume more impactful and engaging.
The task or project is the core activity or responsibility you undertook in your role. It explains what you were doing, giving a clear picture of your job functions and the scope of your work. This element answers the “what” and “why” of your accomplishments.
The metric or result is a specific measurement or achievement that resulted from your work. It answers the “how much,” “how many,” or “to what extent” questions, giving concrete proof of your accomplishments.
Following the “Strong Action Verb + Task/Project + Metric/Result” formula for modern resumes is crucial for several reasons:
- Clarity and Impact:
- Strong Action Verb: Using a strong action verb (e.g., “designed,” “led,” “implemented”) immediately conveys a sense of action and initiative. It shows that you are proactive and capable of taking charge.
- Task/Project: Specifying the task or project provides context to the action. It helps the reader understand what you worked on and the scope of your responsibilities.
- Metric/Result: Including metrics or results quantifies your achievements, making them tangible and measurable. It demonstrates the effectiveness of your actions and the impact you had on the organization.
- Demonstrates Results-Oriented Approach: Employers are looking for candidates who can deliver results. By using this formula, you highlight your accomplishments rather than just listing job duties. This shift from duties to achievements makes your resume more compelling and persuasive.
- Enhances Readability: Resumes are often skimmed rather than read in detail. This formula structures information in a way that makes it easy for hiring managers to quickly grasp your key achievements. The concise and focused nature of this approach helps in maintaining the reader’s attention.
- Showcases Relevant Skills and Experience: By focusing on specific tasks/projects and their outcomes, you can tailor your resume to match the job description more closely. This alignment makes it clear that you have the relevant skills and experience for the position you are applying for.
- Boosts Confidence and Credibility: Quantifying your accomplishments with metrics (e.g., “increased sales by 20%”, “reduced costs by 15%”) adds credibility to your claims. It shows that you have a track record of delivering measurable results, which can boost the confidence of potential employers in your abilities.
- Facilitates Behavioral Interviewing: Many employers use behavioral interviewing techniques, asking candidates to provide specific examples of past behavior as predictors of future performance. Using this formula on your resume can help you prepare for such interviews, as you’ll already have articulated your key achievements in a structured and results-oriented manner.
- Differentiates You from Other Candidates: A well-crafted resume that clearly demonstrates your impact can set you apart from other candidates. It shows that you understand what is important to employers and that you have the ability to contribute effectively to their organization.
RESUME TIPS & TRICKS
Format
Layout
Descriptions
- Use a standard size font (10 to 12 point)
- Use standard margins (1 to .65)
- Keep the design simple & consistent. Use white space. Use line breaks or spacing in between sections.
- Avoid stock templates, graphics, text boxes, Comic Sans or other unprofessional fonts
- Note: Not all applicant tracking systems can read decorative formatting like tables, shapes, graphics, images, etc.
- Always convert your resume to a PDF first and label the PDF file with your name (e.g. Jane Doe Resume).
- Note: In some employer’s job systems you may need to copy & paste your resume into an online application form.
Undergraduates & recent graduates should use a one-page resume.
PhD/postdocs can consider expanding onto two+ pages. If you do, put the most important information on the first page and add your name & page number to the second page (in a header or footer).
Header: Include your name, email address, and phone number. You don’t need to list your full street address, but can include City, State/Country. If you have a LinkedIn, consider adding the URL. For some industries you may want to add your GitHub or personal website to show relevant projects or a portfolio.
Summary: Do not label this as an objective. The hiring recruiter already knows what it is that you are wanting – to get the job! Instead, write a professional summary following this formula:
*"High performing [Your Job Title] with a passion for [Your Industry]. [#] years of experience impacting positive organizational outcomes through [Your best skill], [your 2nd best skill], and [your 3rd best skill]. Confident in ability to collaborate with cross-functional teams to solve complex, high-stakes problems. Committed to continuous improvement and contributing to team success."
Education: List your most recent degree first and move backwards in reverse chronological order. Include your degree, program, and expected grad date (e.g. June 20xx). Can also include relevant courses, awards, thesis project, dissertation, etc. in this section.
**Once you’ve graduated from your current program it’s standard to move this below your Experience section.
Work Experience & Leadership: Using either general sections like “Experience” or “Leadership & Extracurriculars”, or tailor your sections depending on what you’re applying for (e.g. “Research Experience”, “Marketing Experience”, etc.) Emphasize experiences where you can show relevant or transferable skills. Include everything that’s relevant, whether you were an employee, intern, volunteer, researcher, or member of a team.
Skills & Interests: Only include objective, measurable skills like languages, computer programs, laboratory procedures, programming languages, etc. Softer skills like communication, teamwork, etc. should be illustrated, rather than stated, through your experience descriptions. Adding interests is optional, but can be a place to add other details or show some of your personality.
Describe each experience to give an overview of what you did, with an emphasis on what you were able to accomplish in the position. Use action verb phrases and make every word count.
Avoid helping verbs (assisted, worked with, helped, responsible for, etc.). Instead, use a strong action verb that reflects the part of the project that you worked on.
Questions to ask yourself:
- What skills did I use?
- Are there any quantifiable details that could provide context, scope, or demonstrate impact?
- What was I proud of or what were my accomplishments?
- Did I use specific programs/software?
- What positive things would my coworker say?
- What were the outcomes related to what I did?
- Did I improve something? Create something new? Present information? Lead or manage a team? Take initiative? Problem solve? Analyze data?
Actions + Accomplishments
Try to place your experiences in the context of what you did, with what results. Ideally when possible you want to show not only that you did XX, but that you did XX well or with YY results.
Include how your actions or work ties into the larger results, projects, or accomplishments.
Example Bullet Points:
– Helped with book research
vs
– Completed review of 35 journal papers on inflammatory disease mechanisms and communicated summary of findings to professor within 2 weeks
– Assisted in program planning
vs
– Planned and implemented 4 neighborhood public outreach projects with a total attendance of 150 people, supporting program manager in all aspects of project development
– Waited tables/served food. Handled customer complaints.
vs
– Managed the largest serving section, received positive feedback for remaining calm and friendly while finding fast resolutions to challenging customer issues
Other Potential Sections
Qualifications, Professional Summary, or Profile: Sometimes used by PhD/postdocs and those who are further along in their careers, who may need a short summary to tie together their experience across multiple pages. Be specific to your strengths and focus carefully on exactly what you have to offer.
Projects: Usually for software engineering and computer science resumes, as a way to show technical skills in use. Consider also including your GitHub link in your header.
Publications & Presentations: Usually only for research related positions. Use standard bibliographic format. Don’t cite publications in full for non-research settings. Summarize instead (e.g. “Five publications in professional journals”) to show that you completed research projects and successfully communicated your accomplishments to a broader audience.
Honors & Awards: Can be combined with “Education” or given separate sections, depending upon how major a qualification they are for a specific role. For unfamiliar awards, you can stress the degree to which it was competitive. (e.g. “One of three selected from among 2,000 graduating chemists nationally”) Edit down what you include as necessary.
Skills: Including a “Skills” section in a resume is crucial as it highlights the specific abilities and competencies that make you a strong candidate for the job. It allows employers to quickly assess your qualifications and see how well your expertise aligns with the job requirements, increasing your chances of standing out in a competitive job market.
If you are unsure as to how to identify skills or characteristics to add within this section, there are short assessments to get your started.
VIA Strengths Assessment Is an instrument that is free and quick. It provides details that can assist students in recognizing strengths.
GALLUP CliftonStrengths This tool can provide a good outline of top talents across 34 different themes.
YouScience Is a tool that matches strengths (aptitudes: what someone is “good at”) and interests (what someone likes to do) with careers that combines the two.
FAQ
A resume is a concise summary of your skills and qualifications, tailored for a specific position or field. Length tends to be shorter and dictated by years of experience (generally 1 page for undergrads/recent grads and 1-2 pages for professionals with more experience).
A curriculum vitae (CV) is commonly used in academia, and is a full history of your academic credentials. (In some countries CVs are more universal for job applications.) The length of the document is variable but tends to be longer than a resume.
A good resume is specific to the qualifications of what you’re applying for. If you’re applying for opportunities in different fields, you probably need to adjust your resume accordingly to highlight the related skills or qualifications. You may also want to have 1 long-form, multi-page resume that includes everything you’ve done – you can then edit down what you include depending on what’s relevant.
Nope! Save your references for when they are requested, usually in the interview stage.
Applicant Tracking Systems are software that some companies use to filter applications automatically based on specific criteria such as keywords, skills, or years of experience.
Tools like Skills First can help you emulate the process by comparing your resume to a job description you load in (though be aware you may have to adjust its keyword and skill selection).